一. 什么是倒装句?

我们都知道在英语中句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语在后，更复杂一些的则在谓语后加其他成分。那顾名思义，倒装即把句子结构颠倒，即谓语放在主语之前。

二. 倒装有哪些类型?

倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装。

全部倒装：全部谓语放在主语之前,

部分倒装：只把部分谓语动词，即特殊动词(be动词，情态动词和助动词)放在主语之前。

三.考试中常见的全部倒装有哪些情况?

1.表示方位的副词out, down, up, in, off, over, round, up, away等置于句首时。

例：Out rushed the children when the bell rang. 铃响了，孩子们冲了出去。

Round and round flew the birds. 鸟儿们在盘旋着。

P.S.：当主语是人称代词时，主语的语序不倒装.

Away he went.他走了。

Down the apple dropped. 苹果掉下来了。

2.表示方位的介词短语置于句首时。

例：Into the shop came a lady with an umbrella in hand.. 大厅里走进来一位妇拿着伞的妇人。

By the window sat a handsome young man with a rose in his right hand and a magazine in left. 窗边坐着一位年轻人，左手拿一本杂志，右手拿一朵玫瑰花。

In the east of the school lies a big bookshop. 学校的东边有一个大的书店。

3. 副词here, there, now, then等置于句首时，并且经常与go, come, begin, end, follow等动词连用。

例：Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。

There goes the last plane. 最后一班飞机起飞了。

Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。

Then came the professor. 然后教授来了。

P.S. 如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。

Here they are. 他们在这儿。

4.There be/ live/ stand/ lie/ seem等需要全部倒

例：There once lived a man known by the name of Dick in the house. 这所房子里曾住过一个叫迪克的人。

There seems to be many audience. 似乎有很多观众。

四. 考试中常见的部分倒装有哪些情况?

1. "only+状语"置于句首.

例：Only in this way can you learn French well.只有用这种办法，你才能学好法语.

Only then did she understand her mother’s words. 到那时她才理解她妈妈的话。

Only when he got home did he realized that he had left the key in the office. 当他到家，才知道把钥匙落在了办公室。

2否定副词never,hardly,seldom,little,not等或含有否定意义的短语置于句首.

例：Hardly could he believe his own eyes.他几乎不相信自己的眼睛.

No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场，飞机就起飞了。

Never shall I forget those days I spent with him. 我永远不会忘了和他在一起的日子。

Under no circumstances will I believe her words. 无论如何我也不会再相信她的话了。

3. not only... but also...连接两个并列句,且not only置于句首时,前句需要部分倒装。

例：Not only did I dislike the way he spoke, but I disliked the way he dressed. 我不但不喜欢他说话的方式,而且也不喜欢他着装的方式。

Not only is she a teacher, but she is also a dancer. 她不仅是一名老师，还是一个舞者。

4.副词so放在句首，构成 “So+特殊动词+主语”表示同上边的肯定情况相同。Neither/ Nor放在句首构成“Neither/ Nor +特殊动词+主语”表示同上边的否定情况相同。

谓语动词的时态、语态应与前句谓语的时态、语态相一致,数由后一句主语而定.

A:I have finished the task.(我已经完成任务了)

B: So has he. (他也完成了)。

A:I haven’t seen that drama. 我没看过那部戏剧。

B:Neither (Nor) have I. 我也没有。

P.S.“So+主语+特殊动词”表示赞同对方的观点.

Jack studies very hard.杰克学习很努力.

So he does.他的确这样.

小试牛刀

1. Only by practising a few hours every day ____ be able to master the language.

A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you

2.-- Your father is very strict with you.

____. He never lets off a single mistake of ours.

A. So he is B. So is he C. He is so D. So does he

3. Never in my life ____ such a thing.

A. I have heard or have seen B. have I heard or seen

C. I have heard or seen D. did I hear or see